gkic

Transforming Karst Conservation through Augmented Reality in the Sustainable Digital Era (AR-KARSA)

Keywords:
karst conservation; digital technology; augmented reality; interactive learning; sustainable environment; immersive visualization.
Abstract

The transformation of karst conservation is becoming increasingly important as digital technology advances, enabling the delivery of environmental information in a more interactive and accessible manner. This study introduces the AR-KARSA learning innovation, designed to raise public awareness of the ecological value, vulnerability, and urgency of preserving karst landscapes in a sustainable digital era. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a digital learning model capable of presenting information on geological formations, hydrological systems, biodiversity, and threats of environmental damage through immersive visualizations. The research method employed a development approach that included needs analysis, model design, application development, and feasibility evaluation by experts and users. The results showed that AR-KARSA increased user engagement, clarified the structure and dynamics of karst areas, and strengthened environmental understanding that is difficult to obtain through direct observation. This study concluded that AR-KARSA is an effective strategy to support karst conservation efforts and expand the use of immersive digital technology in sustainable environmental education.

Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References

1. Balsamo, F., La Bruna, V., Bezerra, F. H., Dall’Aglio, M., Bagni, F. L., Silveira, L. G., & Aires, A. S. (2023). Mechanical stratigraphy controls fracture pattern and karst epigenic dissolution in folded Cretaceous carbonates in semiarid Brazil. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 155, 106409. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023.106409

2. Cascone, L., Cimmino, L., Nappi, M., & Pero, C. (2026). A modular augmented reality framework for real-time clinical data visualization and interaction. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 263, 104594. doi:10.1016/j.cviu.2025.104594

3. Hachana, R. (2025). Shadows and lights: disabled workers’ use of digital technologies in the workplace. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 44(8), 1066–1081. doi:10.1108/EDI-06-2024-0246

4. Hofhuis, J., Gonçalves, J., Schafraad, P., & Wu, B. (2024). Examining strategic diversity communication on social media using supervised machine learning: Development, validation and future research directions. Public Relations Review, 50(1), 102431. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2024.102431

5. Hu, T., Xia, P., Dong, J., Yang, Z., Shu, J., Yu, X., & Peng, J. (2025). Social-ecological impacts on forest conservation and restoration in Pan-tropical Asia Karst. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 114, 107962. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2025.107962

6. Le, H. T., Ngo, G. T. H., Vu, C. M., Pham, D. P., Pham, T. T. T., Dinh, A. T. Van, & Nham, T. P. (2025). Research on the impact of augmented reality technology on consumers’ online shopping intention in Hanoi city of Vietnam. Strategic Business Research, 1(1), 100004. doi:10.1016/j.sbr.2025.100004

7. Lindqvist, T., Ruuska, E., Kosonen, E., Hornborg, N., Skyttä, P., Putkinen, N., & Mansikkamäki, J. (2025). Integrated geological modeling of partially exposed Precambrian bedrock surface and thickness of overlying Quaternary deposits. Engineering Geology, 346, 107902. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107902

8. Lou, Y., Hu, J., Chen, A., & Wu, F. (2020). Augmented reality display device with continuous depth rendering capabilities. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 134, 106172. doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106172

9. Pan, L., Li, R., Yu, B., Zhang, W., Xue, C., & Yi, Z. (2025). Multidimensional assessment and precision restoration strategies for soil erosion in karst areas: Based on multi-scenario simulation. International Journal of Sediment Research, 40(6), 972–989. doi:10.1016/j.ijsrc.2025.08.005

10. Retnowati, A., Anantasari, E., Marfai, M. A., & Dittmann, A. (2014). Environmental Ethics in Local Knowledge Responding to Climate Change: An Understanding of Seasonal Traditional Calendar Pranoto Mongso and its Phenology in Karst Area of GunungKidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 20, 785–794. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.095

11. Sharma, R., & Sharma, R. (2025). A firm-level analysis of the impact of foreign direct investment in research and development on the innovation output of Indian firms. Transnational Corporations Review, 17(2), 200126. doi:10.1016/j.tncr.2025.200126

12. Tang, Z., & Li, R. (2024). Small watersheds are the best control and management unit for improving soil conservation services in karst areas. Science of The Total Environment, 953, 176162. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176162

13. Xu, G., Mo, Q., Li, Z., Qin, W., Dong, R., Zhao, X., … Li, Y. (2025). Integrated physical–chemical mechanisms drive carbon stabilization under conservation tillage in Karst agroecosystems. CATENA, 261, 109582. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2025.109582

14. Xu, J., Akhter, S., & Apuke, O. D. (2025). The effectiveness of combining interactive media based cognitive behaviour therapy with art and music therapies for ameliorating the generalised anxiety disorder of children exposed to abduction. Psychiatry Research, 349, 116498. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116498

15. Zhang, M., Xiong, K., & Hu, W. (2025). Changes and driving of ecological environment quality in key ecological restoration projects implement zone in South China Karst. Ecological Engineering, 220, 107726. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107726

16. Zupan Hajna, N. (2025). Caves and karst in global sustainability: The case for an international day. Nature-Based Solutions, 8, 100282. doi:10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100282

Cover Image
Downloads
Published
2026-05-01
Section
Articles